Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Chris Daly of Oregon State University and George Taylor of the Oregon Climate Service at Oregon State University Publication_Date: 199804 Title: Western Unites States Average Monthly or Annual Precipitation, 1961-90 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Portland, Oregon, USA Publisher: Water and Climate Center of the Natural Resources Conservation Service Description: Abstract: This CD-ROM contains spatially gridded precipitation of average monthly and annual precipitation for the climatological period 1961-90. Distribution of the point measurements to a spatial grid was accomplished using the PRISM model, developed by Chris Daly of PRISM Services/Oregon State University. Care should be taken in estimating precipitation values at any single point on the map. Precipitation estimated for each grid cell is an average over the entire area of that cell; thus, point precipitation can be estimated at a spatial precision no better than half the resolution of a cell. For example, the Oregon precipitation data was distributed at a resolution of approximately 4km. Therefore, point precipitation can be estimated at a spatial precision no better than 2km. However, the overall distribution of precipitation features is thought to be accurate. For further information, the online PRISM homepage can be found at . Purpose: Display and/or analyses requiring spatially distributed monthly or annual precipitation for the climatological period 1961-90. Supplemental_Information: There are many methods of interpolating precipitation from monitoring stations to grid points. Some provide estimates of acceptable accuracy in flat terrain, but few have been able to adequately explain the extreme, complex variations in precipitation that occur in mountainous regions. Significant progress in this area has been achieved through the development of PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model). PRISM is an analytical model that uses point data and a digital elevation model (DEM) to generate gridded estimates of monthly and annual precipitation (as well as other climatic parameters). PRISM is well suited to regions with mountainous terrain, because it incorporates a conceptual framework that addresses the spatial scale and pattern of orographic precipitation. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19610101 Ending_Date: 19901231 Currentness_Reference: Climatological period from which the point observations were taken. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned for the 1961-90 climatological period. However, this data set will most likely be updated in 2001 for the new 1971-2000 climatological period. Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -125.020833333337 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -100.979166666670 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 49.937500000000 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 28.479166666666 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: raster data Theme_Keyword: precipitation Theme_Keyword: grid cell Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Conterminous USA Access_Constraints: n/a, no restrictions apply Use_Constraints: Acknowledgement of the following agencies in products derived from these data: Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Water and Climate Center, NRCS National Cartography and Geospatial Center (NCGC), PRISM Model, and the Oregon Climate Service at Oregon State University. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Greg Johnson Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: USDA-NRCS, 101 S.W. Main Street, Suite 1600 City: Portland State_or_Province: OR Postal_Code: 97204-3224 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (503) 414-3017 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (503) 414-3101 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gjohnson@wcc.nrcs.usda.gov Security_Information: Security_Classification_System: None Security_Classification: Unclassified Security_Handling_Description: None Native_Data_Set_Environment: SunOS, 5.5.1, sun4m UNIX Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: All data were based on the same averaging period (1961-1990). Similar quality assurance procedures were used with all input data sets. Completeness_Report: Point estimates of precipitation originated from the following sources: National Weather Service Cooperative (COOP) stations, 2) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) SNOTEL, 3) local networks. All COOP station data were subjected to quality control checks by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Accuracy of this data set is based on the original specification of the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) 1 degree digital elevation models (DEM). The stated accuracy of the original DEMs are 130 m circular error with 90% probability. Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 130 m with 90% probability. Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: The broad DMA production objective for 1-degree DEM's. Lineage Source_Information Source_Citation Citation_Information Originator: National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Publication_Date: 1991 Title: U.S. National 1961-1990 Climate Normals, Climatography of the United States No. 81 Publication_Information Publication_Place: Asheville, NC, USA Publisher: National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Type_of_Source_Media: digital files Source_Time_Period_of_Content Time_Period_Information Range_of_Dates/Times Beginning_Date: 19610101 Ending_Date: 19901231 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CLIM81 Source_Contribution: Location and values of known average monthly and annual precipitation Source_Information Source_Citation Citation_Information Originator: Natural Resources Conservation Service Publication_Date: 1991 Title: Cooperative Snow Survey Data of Federal - State - Private Cooperative Snow Surveys Series_Information Series_Name: Cooperative Snow Survey Data of Federal - State - Private Cooperative Snow Surveys Issue_Identification: Annual issue for Western US states Publication_Information Publication_Place: Portland, OR, USA Publisher: Natural Resources Conservation Service, Water and Climate Center Type_of_Source_Media: digital files, paper reports, online Source_Time_Period_of_Content Time_Period_Information Range_of_Dates/Times Beginning_Date: 19610101 Ending_Date: 19901231 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SNOTEL (SNOwpack TELemetry) Source_Contribution: Location and values of known average monthly and annual precipitation Source_Information Source_Citation Citation_Information Originator: Natural Resources Conservation Service, Water and Climate Center Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Local Precipitation monitoring networks Type_of_Source_Media: digital files Source_Time_Period_of_Content Time_Period_Information Range_of_Dates/Times Beginning_Date: 19610101 Ending_Date: 19901231 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: LOCAL Source_Contribution: Location and values of known average monthly and annual precipitation Source_Information Source_Citation Citation_Information Originator: Defense Mapping Agency Publication_Date: 1985 Title: 1:250,000-scale Digital Elevation Models (DEM) also known as 1-Degree DEM's Online_Linkage: Publication_Information Publication_Place: Washington, DC Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Type_of_Source_Media: digital files Source_Time_Period_of_Content Time_Period_Information Single_Date/Time Calendar_Date: 1985 Source_Currentness_Reference: Publication Date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM Source_Contribution: Terrain surface input to PRISM model for estimation of precipitaion between known points. Process_Step: Process_Description: It is beyond the scope of this metadata to document the processes involved in generating spatially gridded precipitation using the PRISM model. However, the processes are documented in numerous conference proceedings and journal articles. The references can be found online at . Process_Date: 199804 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 623 Column_Count: 1465 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: .04166666666 Longitude_Resolution: .04166666666 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic Spheroid 1972 (WGS 1972) Ellipsoid_Name: WGS72 Semi-major_Axis: 6378135.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.26 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: average precipitation grid cell value Entity_Type_Definition: ASCII values Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: average precipitation grid cell value Attribute_Definition: spatially gridded average precipitation Attribute_Definition_Source: Daly, C., R.P. Neilson, and D.L. Phillips, 1994: A Statistical-Topographic Model for Mapping Climatological Precipitation over Mountainous Terrain. J. Appl. Meteor., 33,140-158. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1500000 Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: <=-1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: no data available or outside of range domain Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Oregon Climate Service PRISM Project Attribute_Units_of_Measure: mm * 100 Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: National Cartography and Geospatial Center (NCGC) Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Fort Worth Federal Center, Building 23, PO Box 6567 City: Fort Worth State_or_Province: TX Postal_Code: 76115 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (800) 672-5559 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (817) 509-3469 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nrcs_data@ftw.nrcs.usda.gov Distribution_Liability: This Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or misuse of the data, or for damage, transmission of viruses or computer contamination through the distribution of these data sets or for the usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Any views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. The U.S. Department of Agriculture will warrant the delivery of this product in computer readable format, and will offer appropriate adjustment of credit when the product is determined unreadable by correctly adjusted computer input peripherals, or when the physical medium is delivered in damaged condition. Request for adjustment of credit must be made within 90 days from the date of this shipment from the ordering site. The U.S. Department of Agriculture prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ARC/INFO ASCII Grid Digital_Transfer_Option: Offline_Option: Offline_Media: CD-ROM Recording_Format: ISO 9660 Level 1 Fees: The charge is $50 for a CD-ROM that contains one or more data sets. A data set is one state area which includes spatial data with attributes. Ordering_Instructions: Digital data may be obtained by calling or writing to organizations listed under Distributor, Contact_Person_Primary or NRCS personnel can contact their Climate Data Liaison (CDL). Turnaround: 10 working days Technical_Prerequisites: Geographic data are intended for use in a Geographic Information System (GIS). In addition, this publication contains menu and display programs that operate 16 Mb RAM (absolute minimum), CD-ROM drive with ISO 9660 software driver, Graphics card (640x480 pixels with 256 colors, prefer 1024x1024 with 65,535 colors), Color monitor, mouse, and keyboard. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 19980423 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Tye Parzybok Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Strand Ag Hall 326, Oregon Climate Service, Oregon State University City: Corvallis State_or_Province: OR Postal_Code: 97331-2209 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (541) 737-5705 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (541) 737-5710 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: parzy@oce.orst.edu Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: 19940608 Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None